They just pick somebody out with a nice attitude and who is friendly, and can keep the rules. There is no way to earn it and asking for it decreases your chance to get it
The only new moderator I've ever seen is me, but i'm the newest moderator and wasn't here when the website was started. I know cracker64 was also made a developer sometime, and jacksonmj too. Lockheedmartin wasn't a moderator when he made some of the first posts on the forums, so he was promoted sometime. The rest I don't know much about.
Moderators don't really retire, but they do leave, see here for a list of them, some don't post on the forums anymore (but are still active on IRC). I think 1 (or 2) original ones aren't mods anymore.
Your name can only be blue/green if you are a moderator/developer. I think each one has their own color, but they are all similar. If you compare the colors of our posts, there are some differences, but it could just be 2: one for mods and one for devs.
Also, they are picked for private reasons, you can't apply to be one. I was promoted because I was knowledgeable with the source and had a good mod, and was helpful. It was really random too, I wasn't even told first. (But if I used IRC then he probably would have said something)
Earning it is not in question. It's all for whatever reason the top level sees appropriate. Developers also sometimes get mod status (All of them do for now), but developer status takes priority so you see the developer look. Only way to get colours is to: 1. Be a thread's original poster 2. Be a moderator/developer/Simon 3. Be yourself (Yellow!) 4. Write a style to colourise users for you. [](/scootaloo "Click me if you have Scootaloo Once installed!")