denkdaetz That's still incredibly vague, but anyway.
The processor just uses logic to do what it needs to do. It implements this logic through the use of many, many logic gates. (ie. and / or / not)
Ram modules can be built in a number of ways. - "Classic" (Uses Clone/Liquid to store the state and EWALL to change sate) - Semiconductor Based (Using an infinite spark loop of NSCN/PSCN to store the state, and a semiconductor to change state) - Switch Based. (Using NSCN/PSCN to change state)
I encourage you to look at peoples creations and look at how they function and do what they do. I suggest starting off with the clasic circuits.