https://powdertoy.co.uk/Wiki/index.php?title=Lua_API:Bit&feed=atom&action=historyLua API:Bit - Revision history2024-04-24T13:48:48ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.30.0https://powdertoy.co.uk/Wiki/index.php?title=Lua_API:Bit&diff=5192&oldid=prevmecha-man: /* bit.lshift, bit.rshift, bit.arshift */ fixed a typo2014-12-12T03:08:05Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">bit.lshift, bit.rshift, bit.arshift: </span> fixed a typo</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Shifts the input bits to the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">left </del>by (shift) bits, replacing empty cells with 0 and discarding overflowing cells.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Shifts the input bits to the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">right </ins>by (shift) bits, replacing empty cells with 0 and discarding overflowing cells.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Left </del>shifting is something really easy to imagine: every bit just gets moved once (or more) to the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">left </del>and the ends are replaced with 0. If you have a bit at the far <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">left </del>end it gets eaten and is lost forever. Not to worry usually though.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Right </ins>shifting is something really easy to imagine: every bit just gets moved once (or more) to the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">right </ins>and the ends are replaced with 0. If you have a bit at the far <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">right </ins>end it gets eaten and is lost forever. Not to worry usually though.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another great utilization of right shifting is that it's a really quick way of dividing a number by two for some times. Shifting to the right by two is the same as dividing a number by four. Note that this will also move the ''sign bit''. Which is what arithmetic right shift does not in fact do.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another great utilization of right shifting is that it's a really quick way of dividing a number by two for some times. Shifting to the right by two is the same as dividing a number by four. Note that this will also move the ''sign bit''. Which is what arithmetic right shift does not in fact do.</div></td></tr>
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</table>mecha-manhttps://powdertoy.co.uk/Wiki/index.php?title=Lua_API:Bit&diff=4144&oldid=prevboxmein: /* bit.lshift, bit.rshift, bit.arshift */ example typo2014-02-01T23:57:51Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">bit.lshift, bit.rshift, bit.arshift: </span> example typo</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>So the solution to our right shifting problem is that we need to add ones instead of zeros to the left side if we shift from the right. This keeps the sign right in place and still allows us to shift all we want.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>So the solution to our right shifting problem is that we need to add ones instead of zeros to the left side if we shift from the right. This keeps the sign right in place and still allows us to shift all we want.  </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Examples:'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Examples:'''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>  bit.arshift(32, 5) --> 1</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>  bit.arshift(32, 5) --> 1</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Important note: the shift count has to be between 1 and 32. Otherwise the number will be modulus-ed to it.'''  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Important note: the shift count has to be between 1 and 32. Otherwise the number will be modulus-ed to it.'''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== bit.rol, bit.ror ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== bit.rol, bit.ror ===</div></td></tr>
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</table>boxmeinhttps://powdertoy.co.uk/Wiki/index.php?title=Lua_API:Bit&diff=4143&oldid=prevboxmein: /* Negative numbers in binary */ Formatting typo2014-02-01T23:49:03Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Negative numbers in binary: </span> Formatting typo</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''(1):''' Sign bit. This says "Hey, the number here is negative. Just saying. Also every other bit is flipped too."</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''(1):''' Sign bit. This says "Hey, the number here is negative. Just saying. Also every other bit is flipped too."</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''(2):''' Rest of the bits, except inverted. (Also called ''one's complement<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'</del>'') This is to make getting the positive number back as simple as taking a binary NOT on the entire number. With a twist however - the positive number is one less from the negative number. That's because there's also a zero right in the middle of the number line.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''(2):''' Rest of the bits, except inverted. (Also called ''one's complement'') This is to make getting the positive number back as simple as taking a binary NOT on the entire number. With a twist however - the positive number is one less from the negative number. That's because there's also a zero right in the middle of the number line.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== bit.tobit ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== bit.tobit ===</div></td></tr>
</table>boxmeinhttps://powdertoy.co.uk/Wiki/index.php?title=Lua_API:Bit&diff=4142&oldid=prevboxmein: /* Methods */ Documented the bit Lua API2014-02-01T23:47:42Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Methods: </span> Documented the bit Lua API</span></p>
<a href="https://powdertoy.co.uk/Wiki/index.php?title=Lua_API:Bit&diff=4142&oldid=2616">Show changes</a>boxmeinhttps://powdertoy.co.uk/Wiki/index.php?title=Lua_API:Bit&diff=2616&oldid=prevjacob1: Lua category2012-09-25T02:04:47Z<p>Lua category</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Swaps the bytes of its argument and returns it. This can be used to convert little-endian 32 bit numbers to big-endian 32 bit numbers or vice versa.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Swaps the bytes of its argument and returns it. This can be used to convert little-endian 32 bit numbers to big-endian 32 bit numbers or vice versa.</div></td></tr>
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</table>jacob1https://powdertoy.co.uk/Wiki/index.php?title=Lua_API:Bit&diff=2564&oldid=prevSimon: Bit API2012-09-01T20:02:59Z<p>Bit API</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>The Bit API provides functions for performing bitwise operations on integer numbers, the Bit API is from the [http://bitop.luajit.org/index.html LuaJIT BitOp library], documentation is copied from [http://bitop.luajit.org/api.html here]<br />
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If you are unfamiliar with bitwise operations, you may want to check the Wikipedia page on the subject: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation<br />
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== Methods ==<br />
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=== bit.tobit ===<br />
number bit.tobit(number input)<br />
Normalizes a number to the numeric range for bit operations and returns it. This function is usually not needed since all bit operations already normalize all of their input arguments.<br />
=== bit.tohex ===<br />
string bit.tohex(number input, [number length = 8])<br />
Converts its first argument to a hex string. The number of hex digits is given by the absolute value of the optional second argument. Positive numbers between 1 and 8 generate lowercase hex digits. Negative numbers generate uppercase hex digits. Only the least-significant 4*|n| bits are used. The default is to generate 8 lowercase hex digits.<br />
=== bit.bnot ===<br />
number bit.bnot(number input)<br />
Returns the bitwise not of its argument.<br />
=== bit.band, bit.bor, bit.bxor ===<br />
number bit.bor(number input, [number input...])<br />
number bit.band(number input, [number input...])<br />
number bit.bxor(number input, [number input...])<br />
Returns either the bitwise or, bitwise and, or bitwise xor of all of its arguments. Note that more than two arguments are allowed.<br />
=== bit.lshift, bit.rshift, bit.arshift ===<br />
number bit.lshift(number input, number shift)<br />
number bit.rshift(number input, number shift)<br />
number bit.arshift(number input, number shift)<br />
Returns either the bitwise logical left-shift, bitwise logical right-shift, or bitwise arithmetic right-shift of its first argument by the number of bits given by the second argument.<br />
Logical shifts treat the first argument as an unsigned number and shift in 0-bits. Arithmetic right-shift treats the most-significant bit as a sign bit and replicates it.<br />
Only the lower 5 bits of the shift count are used (reduces to the range [0..31]).<br />
=== bit.rol, bit.ror ===<br />
number bit.rol(number input, number bits)<br />
number bit.ror(number input, number bits)<br />
Returns either the bitwise left rotation, or bitwise right rotation of its first argument by the number of bits given by the second argument. Bits shifted out on one side are shifted back in on the other side.<br />
Only the lower 5 bits of the rotate count are used (reduces to the range [0..31]).<br />
=== bit.bswap ===<br />
number bit.bswap(number input)<br />
Swaps the bytes of its argument and returns it. This can be used to convert little-endian 32 bit numbers to big-endian 32 bit numbers or vice versa.</div>Simon